Fig. 2

The boxplots show the bacterial alpha diversity indices in sediments (A). Shannon index during incubation (B). The PCoA plot based on the Weighted_Unifrac distance (C). Relative abundance of the 30 largest bacterial genera (D). Temporal dynamics of Pseudomonas sp. M2 and Paenarthrobacter sp. R1 (E). Comparison of the different genus distribution between SMX-amended treatments (treatments C, D, and E) and non-SMX treatment (treatment B) (F). All taxonomic groups except for the top 30 were merged into the “Others” group. ANOVA with an LSD test (P < 0.05) indicates statistically significant differences denoted by different letters for each assessed parameter (A, C). ALDEx2 was used to identify the microbial groups with significant difference between treatments, and “*” indicates P < 0.05 (centered log-ratio transformed, Wilcoxon test, P values were corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg) (F)