Fig. 4

A Box plot representing the total resistome profile of the infants included in this study, with antibiotic class names of penams and aminoglycosides retained in MDR classes to facilitate understanding, as these are the classes of antibiotics administered to infants in the CSab group. Antibiotic classes were detected using RGI with CARD. The abundance of antibiotic classes was normalised to cpm and log-transformed. B Alpha-diversity plot using Shannon diversity index for ARG diversity for each group between all the time points. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant (Wilcoxon test). C MaAsLin2 differential abundance analysis coefficients obtained by running MaAsLin2 overall and at week 1 and week 4 using Group as a fixed effect with each group (VDnoab, CSnoab, and CSab) as reference per run along with the parameters min_prevalence = 0.1 and min_abundance = 0