Fig. 4
From: Deciphering the gut microbiome of grass carp through multi-omics approach
The two functional groups differ in genetic capacity for carbohydrate utilization, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. A and B Differences in genetic capacity for carbohydrate substrate utilization. A Heat map showing the proportion of each carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) category in different functional groups. B Abundance of genes involved in carbohydrate substrate utilization. (The abundance of genes annotated to different types of carbohydrates was normalized to the total carbohydrate-active enzyme in each sample. The abundance of total carbohydrate-active enzyme genes in different functional groups was adjusted to 100,000.) Arabinoxylan-related CAZy families, CE1, CE2, CE4, CE6, CE7, GH10, GH11, GH115, GH43, GH51, GH67, GH3, and GH5; pectin-related CAZy families, CE12, CE8, GH28, PL1, and PL9; mucin-related CAZy families, GH1, GH2, GH3, GH4, GH18, GH19, GH20,GH29, GH33, GH38, GH58, GH79, GH84, GH85, GH88, GH89, GH92, GH95, GH98, GH99, GH101, GH105, GH109, GH110,GH113, PL6, PL8, PL12, PL13, and PL21; inulin-related CAZy families, GH32 and GH91; cellulose-related CAZy families, GH1, GH44, GH48, GH8, GH9, GH3, and GH5; starch-related CAZy families, GH13, GH31, and GH97. C Number of genes annotated to virulence factors in the two functional groups. D The abundance of genes encoding virulence factors in the two functional groups. Genes for each VF class were normalized to the number of total NCBI nr-annotated genes in each functional group. E The number of antibiotic resistance genes in the two functional groups. Antibiotic resistance genes were normalized to the total NCBI nr-annotated genes in each functional group (adjusted to 100,000). F The abundance of ARGs in the two functional groups. Genes for each resistance class were normalized to the number of total NCBI nr-annotated genes in each functional group. Thirty-four biological replicates were included in each functional group during analysis. The Mann–Whitney test was used to analyze differences between functional groups, *p < 0.05; **p < 0 .01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001