Fig. 6From: Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaeaPlant richness affects tree productivity by regulating soil properties and microbial communities. a Stand-level tree volume increment as a function of aboveground plant richness from 2017–2018. b Structural equation models demonstrating the direct and indirect effects of aboveground plant richness on soil nutrient contents, microbial communities and community-level tree productivity, red arrows indicate significant and positive relationships (p < 0.05), and dashed arrows indicate connections with insignificant relationship (p > 0.05). TC: total carbon, TN: total nitrogen, TP: total phosphorus, SM: soil moisture, C/N: the ratio of soil organic C and N, MBC/Corg: the ratio of microbial biomass C and soil organic CBack to article page