Fig. 1

Maximum likelihood tree for 179 high-quality nonredundant MAGs and dominant microbial components in deep-sea ferromanganese nodule sediment fields. a Overview of metagenomics sequencing, binning, and diversity. Based on 874.19 Gbp of data, assembly, binning, and filtering were implemented to recover a total of 284 MAGs, and following dereplication 179 nonredundant MAGs were retained. The stacked bar chart shows the relative abundance of these MAGs in seven samples. Colors correspond to phyla. b Combined archaeal and bacterial phylogenetic tree. The archaeal tree was constructed based on a concatenated alignment of 122 single-copy marker proteins, which was inferred using GTDB-Tk. And 120 single-copy marker proteins were used for the bacterial tree. The concentric bar plot represents the mean relative abundance. c MAGs ranked by mean relative abundance across all samples. The sum of the relative abundance of dominant MAGs accounted for at least 50% of the total abundance; these MAGs are marked with asterisks on the x-axis. Details of dominant MAGs are shown in the inserted table