Fig. 3

Predicted metabolic pathways for starch, fructan, and lactose metabolism. The abundance of metabolic enzymes was obtained by using biochemically characterized enzymes as query sequences for BLAST analysis of metagenomics bins. Enzymes are grouped by the substrate and the cellular location of the query sequence. The abundance of corresponding genes at the four time points was calculated from the cumulative relative abundance of bins encoding for a homolog of the gene, and is shown as color coded matrix for the four time points (left to right 0, 7, 14, and 21 d). Labels at the left side for rows include the name of gene and the abbreviations for the organism for which the corresponding enzyme was characterized. Abbreviations for organisms are as follows: Bat Bacteroidetes, Bs, Bacillus subtilis,  Bt Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Lb Lactobacillus, Fp Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Fic Firmicutes. The accession number of query sequences and reference to the biochemical characterization of the enzymes is provided in Additional file 1: Table S4 of the online supplementary material